Ababa, A. (2015, March 12). CODATU XV The Role of Urban Mobility In (Re)shaping Cities. Lecture presented at Curitiba: More than 40 Years of Urban Development and Transport Planning, Curitiba.
In this lecture, Addis Ababa talks about the effect the 1965 Master Plan has had on Curitiba and he goes into detail on the proposed plan for the 2004 Master Plan which seeks to reinforce the previous plans goals while also trying to make the city’s forms of transportation more eco-friendly.
Cervero, R. (1998). Creating a Linear City with a Surface Metro: Curitiba, Brazil. In The Transit Metropolis: A Global Inquiry (1st ed., pp. 265-293). Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
In this book, Robert Cervero looks at the histories of cities that have provided innovative ways to solving transportation problems as well as the ways in which city plans affect the development of a city. His chapter on Curitiba gives an intricate and well developed chronology of the development of Curitiba from rural agrarian city in the late 1600s to one of the largest mass transportation dependent cities in the world.
Del Rio, V. (2009). Contemporary Urbanism in Brazil: Beyond Brasília. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
This is a book of essays that discusses different ways Brazil is trying to be at the forefront of urbanism while still staying true to their cultures. As the title states, it talks about cities outside of the capital.
Goodman, J., Laube, M., & Schwenk, J. (2006). Curitiba’s Bus System is Model for Rapid Transit. Race, Poverty, & the Environment. 12(1), 75-76.
The bus system of Curitiba, Brazil illustrates a model Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) that plays a huge part in connecting the city together and providing a livable environment. These buses are extremely flexible in order to serve a variety of needs in the population and through various locations. The evolution of Curitiba’s BRT was due to the need to replace the reliance on automobiles. The bus system was created with consideration about what types of buses were required and thus there is a hierarchical system of services. The plan integrated transportation with land use planning, calling for a cultural, social, and economic transformation of the city. As a result the BRT was successful in shifting the dominant mode of travel from the automobile to the bus.
Gnatek, T. (2003). Retrieved March 2, 2015, from http://www.pbs.org/ frontlineworld/fellows/brazil1203/.
A first hand account from a UCBerkeley Journalism grad student that went to Curitiba to see for himself the profoundness of the planning of Curitiba and to see why planners around the world look to it as a “model city”.
Halais, F. (2012). Has South America’s Most Sustainable City Lost its Edge?. CityLab.
This internet article discusses many of the pressing issues that currently face Curitiba. It offers a relatively critical view of the city, focusing on some of the areas that the city has fallen behind in. The article covers a wide variety of different topics including housing, the city’s Bus Rapid Transit system, and crime. The article contains statistics and comments by an expert. It also discusses the city governance, which the article identifies as the root of many of the problems, with particular emphasis on the power of the IPPUC.
Hidalgo, D. (2014). Urbanism Hall of Fame: Jaime Lerner – The architect of Curitiba. Retrieved February 24, 2015, from http://thecityfix.com/blog/urbanism- hall-fame-jaime-lerner-architect-curitiba-dario-hidalgo/.
Short internet article explaining some of the ways Jaime Lerner completely changed the planning of Curitiba. Highlights transit, parks, Green Exchange, and some statistics exhibiting how much Jaime Lerner really helped Curitiba.
History of the City - Prefeitura de Curitiba. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/idioma/ingles/historia.
This website provides a more in-depth look at the history of Curitiba from its inception as an agrarian town. While this focuses mostly on the transition from 1693-1900, the website also provides key information on the culture of the city today.
History and Demographics. (1999, August 6). Curitiba Research and Urban Planning Institute. Retrieved February 23, 2015, from http://epat.wisc.edu/.energy/.metro/.format/.history.html.
This website provides a numerical depiction of demographic changes in Curitiba over the last couple of centuries. Also included are various statistics on labor, population, and housing.
Irazábal, C. (2006). Localizing urban design traditions: Gated and edge cities in Curitiba. Journal Of Urban Design, 11(1), 73-96. doi: 10.1080/13574800500297736.
Fascinating scholarly article displaying the many ways the cognitive dissonance between what Curitiba wants to achieve and be known for internationally and the underlying complicated dynamics that no large city can avoid.
Lindau, L.A., Hidalgo, D., & Facchini, D. (2010). Curitiba, the Cradle of Bus Transit. Built Environment. 36(3), 274-282.
A great deal of Curitiba’s growth has been focused on integrating urban transportation, land-use development and environmental preservation. Since the introduction of the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), the system has constantly been developing in order to improve its potential. Some of the improvements include the establishment of busways, bus tubes in which individuals board and exit the bus, articulated and bi-articulated buses. The more recent developments include electronic fare ticketing systems and the introduction of a sixth corridor called the Green Line, which runs on bio-diesel. The BRT system is constantly being improved and future enhancements include advanced traffic management and user information systems.
Macedo, J. (2004). City Profile: Curitiba. Cities, 21(6), 537-549.
Macedo covers many topics in this journal article. She discusses the affluence, the changing demographics, and many of the successes Curitiba has enjoyed. She talks about the informal housing and steps being taken to address the needs of the city's poor. The environmental degradation of informal dwellings around Curitiba is discussed and solutions to the problems are offered.
Macedo, J. (2013). Planning a Sustainable City: The Making of Curitiba, Brazil. Journal of Planning History, 12(4).
This article discusses the history of the urban solutions that have made Curitiba the desired model of planning that it is today. The sustainable solutions implemented in the city are now identified as its peculiarity. Chapter 12 goes deeper on two main points. The first one is mostly how first plans of Curitiba shaped the city as it is today. On the other hand, it’s focusing on the role of very key characters in the history of Curitiba and the development they allowed in their own field of knowledge. This chapter is very critical as well and addresses the challenges the city might have to go through within the next decades. It discusses the beginnings of the city, from the time it first became the capital of the state of Parana in Brazil, focusing on the European immigrants and their contributions to the future of the city. It emphasizes the implementation of ideas from before Curitiba was seen as an international model of a sustainable city that led to it being sought after by other international locations.
Montaner, J. (1999). el modelo Curitiba: movilidad y espacios verdes, Ecología Política, 17.
This scholarly article goes through the whole process of pedestrianization of the city. It talks about the emerging green spaces and their use overtime. This article provides crucial elements about design and land use in Curitiba. It explains how the land can be used or reused efficiently. It focuses on the green spaces and how they are absolutely crucial to revitalize a city. The article also analyses the city at a human scale and a walking distance. It is focused on reviewing the idea of “humanization” of the city during 1972. It shows It also provides the historical elements needed to understand the overall trend in the city and to see the direction of the city. The approach of this article is to show how Curitiba is a great city in comparison to all the other cities in Brazil and around the world.
Moore, S. A. (2006). Alternative Routes to the Sustainable City: Austin, Curitiba, and Frankfurt. Lanham: Lexington Books.
This book provides a comparative view of Curitiba with particular emphasis on government policy. It is very detailed on many specific projects and how they relate specifically to sustainability. The book also takes a look at the city through various different lenses, and puts a very heavy emphasis on the politics of the city, state, and nation. It summarizes the positions of various political ideologies in Curitiba. The book also looks at the cities of Austin and Frankfurt to compare their policies to one another and to Curitiba.
Plano Diretor Cicloviário de Curitiba (2013). Prefeitura de Curitiba.
This planning document is the raw material issued by the prefecture that defines how Curitiba is going to be turned into a bike-friendly city. It contains twelve key points that explain precisely through a timeline until 2016 the completion of all the infrastructure to support the bike commutes in the city. Not only the bike transportation system, the topic is the multimodal transportation and how to encourage people to use the different modes of transportation. This official document is giving the facts about the bike parking, the bicycle lanes, refurbishing of old lanes. The experts who wrote this document also state their intentions and show how they are actually trying to stick to the project of building a sustainable city.
Population. (n.d.) Retrieved February 10, 2015, from http://www.agencia.curitiba.pr.gov.br/.
The Curitiba Development Agency offers information on a range of topics specific to the city. There is a section that covers the socioeconomic profile of the the city, and includes population statistics, gross domestic product information, as well as incomes and the labor market. Another section discusses the industrial aspect of Curitiba and the jobs provided by industry.
Rabinovitch, J. (1992). Curitiba: towards sustainable urban development, Environment and urbanization, 4(2).
This scholarly article focuses on the planning of Curitiba in its peak years, when it changed a lot, during the 1970s. The development of the article recreates the development of the challenges addressed by the rise of a city. It goes from the transportation, to the industrialization, to the need to preserve nature and public health. The section dedicated to water unveils the many roles that water can have in a city, how it can be used to magnify a city and how it has to be controlled. This article goes through the need to preserve the buildings and all the facilities in the city. Eventually it reviews the social challenges about bringing awareness to the people living in Curitiba and how to explain how to sustain this development.
Rabinovitch, J. (1995). A sustainable urban transport system. Energy for Sustainable Development. 11(2), 11-18.
This analysis examines how Curitiba’s transportation planning process has been extremely practical, through recognizing its financial and social constraints. Curitiba used the resources that it had in order to build its transportation network, beginning with its use of buses. Instead of changing the entire system at one go, it created a series of small improvements, with a long-term plan in sight. This planning manner has produced a variety of benefits for the city and its citizens. The bus network has reduced travel times and increased convenience and attracted a lot more passengers as a result. This network has been successful in reducing traffic along the roads and also reducing pollution emissions, proving to be a huge success.
Rabinovitch, J. (1996). Innovative land use and public transport policy. Land Use Policy. 13(1), 51-67.
Much of Curitiba’s growth and development has been due to the land-use policies that were implemented in the city. Curitiba used land use planning, the hierarchy of the road network, an economic development policy and public transportation to coordinate the parameters for the location and density of homes, work, recreation, services and commerce. The city was planned with its people in mind, focusing on making it easy for people to travel from home to work. The integration of land-use policies were crucial in the successful development of the city and these enforcements and lessons are beneficial for other cities looking towards trying to incorporate similar changes.
Rabinovitch, J. (1996). A Success Story of Urban Planning: Curitiba. Scientific American). (Reprinted in Cities Built for People, U. Kirdar, 1997, New York: United Nations).
Rabinovitch discusses the economic changes in Curitiba, and how if the city had taken a different path it may have ended up in a much worse state. Retired transit buses turned into mobile schools for the poor are discussed. The confluence of urban planning and working with nature, as well as the transit service and social programs regarding conservation and recycling are discussed.
In this lecture, Addis Ababa talks about the effect the 1965 Master Plan has had on Curitiba and he goes into detail on the proposed plan for the 2004 Master Plan which seeks to reinforce the previous plans goals while also trying to make the city’s forms of transportation more eco-friendly.
Cervero, R. (1998). Creating a Linear City with a Surface Metro: Curitiba, Brazil. In The Transit Metropolis: A Global Inquiry (1st ed., pp. 265-293). Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
In this book, Robert Cervero looks at the histories of cities that have provided innovative ways to solving transportation problems as well as the ways in which city plans affect the development of a city. His chapter on Curitiba gives an intricate and well developed chronology of the development of Curitiba from rural agrarian city in the late 1600s to one of the largest mass transportation dependent cities in the world.
Del Rio, V. (2009). Contemporary Urbanism in Brazil: Beyond Brasília. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
This is a book of essays that discusses different ways Brazil is trying to be at the forefront of urbanism while still staying true to their cultures. As the title states, it talks about cities outside of the capital.
Goodman, J., Laube, M., & Schwenk, J. (2006). Curitiba’s Bus System is Model for Rapid Transit. Race, Poverty, & the Environment. 12(1), 75-76.
The bus system of Curitiba, Brazil illustrates a model Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) that plays a huge part in connecting the city together and providing a livable environment. These buses are extremely flexible in order to serve a variety of needs in the population and through various locations. The evolution of Curitiba’s BRT was due to the need to replace the reliance on automobiles. The bus system was created with consideration about what types of buses were required and thus there is a hierarchical system of services. The plan integrated transportation with land use planning, calling for a cultural, social, and economic transformation of the city. As a result the BRT was successful in shifting the dominant mode of travel from the automobile to the bus.
Gnatek, T. (2003). Retrieved March 2, 2015, from http://www.pbs.org/ frontlineworld/fellows/brazil1203/.
A first hand account from a UCBerkeley Journalism grad student that went to Curitiba to see for himself the profoundness of the planning of Curitiba and to see why planners around the world look to it as a “model city”.
Halais, F. (2012). Has South America’s Most Sustainable City Lost its Edge?. CityLab.
This internet article discusses many of the pressing issues that currently face Curitiba. It offers a relatively critical view of the city, focusing on some of the areas that the city has fallen behind in. The article covers a wide variety of different topics including housing, the city’s Bus Rapid Transit system, and crime. The article contains statistics and comments by an expert. It also discusses the city governance, which the article identifies as the root of many of the problems, with particular emphasis on the power of the IPPUC.
Hidalgo, D. (2014). Urbanism Hall of Fame: Jaime Lerner – The architect of Curitiba. Retrieved February 24, 2015, from http://thecityfix.com/blog/urbanism- hall-fame-jaime-lerner-architect-curitiba-dario-hidalgo/.
Short internet article explaining some of the ways Jaime Lerner completely changed the planning of Curitiba. Highlights transit, parks, Green Exchange, and some statistics exhibiting how much Jaime Lerner really helped Curitiba.
History of the City - Prefeitura de Curitiba. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/idioma/ingles/historia.
This website provides a more in-depth look at the history of Curitiba from its inception as an agrarian town. While this focuses mostly on the transition from 1693-1900, the website also provides key information on the culture of the city today.
History and Demographics. (1999, August 6). Curitiba Research and Urban Planning Institute. Retrieved February 23, 2015, from http://epat.wisc.edu/.energy/.metro/.format/.history.html.
This website provides a numerical depiction of demographic changes in Curitiba over the last couple of centuries. Also included are various statistics on labor, population, and housing.
Irazábal, C. (2006). Localizing urban design traditions: Gated and edge cities in Curitiba. Journal Of Urban Design, 11(1), 73-96. doi: 10.1080/13574800500297736.
Fascinating scholarly article displaying the many ways the cognitive dissonance between what Curitiba wants to achieve and be known for internationally and the underlying complicated dynamics that no large city can avoid.
Lindau, L.A., Hidalgo, D., & Facchini, D. (2010). Curitiba, the Cradle of Bus Transit. Built Environment. 36(3), 274-282.
A great deal of Curitiba’s growth has been focused on integrating urban transportation, land-use development and environmental preservation. Since the introduction of the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), the system has constantly been developing in order to improve its potential. Some of the improvements include the establishment of busways, bus tubes in which individuals board and exit the bus, articulated and bi-articulated buses. The more recent developments include electronic fare ticketing systems and the introduction of a sixth corridor called the Green Line, which runs on bio-diesel. The BRT system is constantly being improved and future enhancements include advanced traffic management and user information systems.
Macedo, J. (2004). City Profile: Curitiba. Cities, 21(6), 537-549.
Macedo covers many topics in this journal article. She discusses the affluence, the changing demographics, and many of the successes Curitiba has enjoyed. She talks about the informal housing and steps being taken to address the needs of the city's poor. The environmental degradation of informal dwellings around Curitiba is discussed and solutions to the problems are offered.
Macedo, J. (2013). Planning a Sustainable City: The Making of Curitiba, Brazil. Journal of Planning History, 12(4).
This article discusses the history of the urban solutions that have made Curitiba the desired model of planning that it is today. The sustainable solutions implemented in the city are now identified as its peculiarity. Chapter 12 goes deeper on two main points. The first one is mostly how first plans of Curitiba shaped the city as it is today. On the other hand, it’s focusing on the role of very key characters in the history of Curitiba and the development they allowed in their own field of knowledge. This chapter is very critical as well and addresses the challenges the city might have to go through within the next decades. It discusses the beginnings of the city, from the time it first became the capital of the state of Parana in Brazil, focusing on the European immigrants and their contributions to the future of the city. It emphasizes the implementation of ideas from before Curitiba was seen as an international model of a sustainable city that led to it being sought after by other international locations.
Montaner, J. (1999). el modelo Curitiba: movilidad y espacios verdes, Ecología Política, 17.
This scholarly article goes through the whole process of pedestrianization of the city. It talks about the emerging green spaces and their use overtime. This article provides crucial elements about design and land use in Curitiba. It explains how the land can be used or reused efficiently. It focuses on the green spaces and how they are absolutely crucial to revitalize a city. The article also analyses the city at a human scale and a walking distance. It is focused on reviewing the idea of “humanization” of the city during 1972. It shows It also provides the historical elements needed to understand the overall trend in the city and to see the direction of the city. The approach of this article is to show how Curitiba is a great city in comparison to all the other cities in Brazil and around the world.
Moore, S. A. (2006). Alternative Routes to the Sustainable City: Austin, Curitiba, and Frankfurt. Lanham: Lexington Books.
This book provides a comparative view of Curitiba with particular emphasis on government policy. It is very detailed on many specific projects and how they relate specifically to sustainability. The book also takes a look at the city through various different lenses, and puts a very heavy emphasis on the politics of the city, state, and nation. It summarizes the positions of various political ideologies in Curitiba. The book also looks at the cities of Austin and Frankfurt to compare their policies to one another and to Curitiba.
Plano Diretor Cicloviário de Curitiba (2013). Prefeitura de Curitiba.
This planning document is the raw material issued by the prefecture that defines how Curitiba is going to be turned into a bike-friendly city. It contains twelve key points that explain precisely through a timeline until 2016 the completion of all the infrastructure to support the bike commutes in the city. Not only the bike transportation system, the topic is the multimodal transportation and how to encourage people to use the different modes of transportation. This official document is giving the facts about the bike parking, the bicycle lanes, refurbishing of old lanes. The experts who wrote this document also state their intentions and show how they are actually trying to stick to the project of building a sustainable city.
Population. (n.d.) Retrieved February 10, 2015, from http://www.agencia.curitiba.pr.gov.br/.
The Curitiba Development Agency offers information on a range of topics specific to the city. There is a section that covers the socioeconomic profile of the the city, and includes population statistics, gross domestic product information, as well as incomes and the labor market. Another section discusses the industrial aspect of Curitiba and the jobs provided by industry.
Rabinovitch, J. (1992). Curitiba: towards sustainable urban development, Environment and urbanization, 4(2).
This scholarly article focuses on the planning of Curitiba in its peak years, when it changed a lot, during the 1970s. The development of the article recreates the development of the challenges addressed by the rise of a city. It goes from the transportation, to the industrialization, to the need to preserve nature and public health. The section dedicated to water unveils the many roles that water can have in a city, how it can be used to magnify a city and how it has to be controlled. This article goes through the need to preserve the buildings and all the facilities in the city. Eventually it reviews the social challenges about bringing awareness to the people living in Curitiba and how to explain how to sustain this development.
Rabinovitch, J. (1995). A sustainable urban transport system. Energy for Sustainable Development. 11(2), 11-18.
This analysis examines how Curitiba’s transportation planning process has been extremely practical, through recognizing its financial and social constraints. Curitiba used the resources that it had in order to build its transportation network, beginning with its use of buses. Instead of changing the entire system at one go, it created a series of small improvements, with a long-term plan in sight. This planning manner has produced a variety of benefits for the city and its citizens. The bus network has reduced travel times and increased convenience and attracted a lot more passengers as a result. This network has been successful in reducing traffic along the roads and also reducing pollution emissions, proving to be a huge success.
Rabinovitch, J. (1996). Innovative land use and public transport policy. Land Use Policy. 13(1), 51-67.
Much of Curitiba’s growth and development has been due to the land-use policies that were implemented in the city. Curitiba used land use planning, the hierarchy of the road network, an economic development policy and public transportation to coordinate the parameters for the location and density of homes, work, recreation, services and commerce. The city was planned with its people in mind, focusing on making it easy for people to travel from home to work. The integration of land-use policies were crucial in the successful development of the city and these enforcements and lessons are beneficial for other cities looking towards trying to incorporate similar changes.
Rabinovitch, J. (1996). A Success Story of Urban Planning: Curitiba. Scientific American). (Reprinted in Cities Built for People, U. Kirdar, 1997, New York: United Nations).
Rabinovitch discusses the economic changes in Curitiba, and how if the city had taken a different path it may have ended up in a much worse state. Retired transit buses turned into mobile schools for the poor are discussed. The confluence of urban planning and working with nature, as well as the transit service and social programs regarding conservation and recycling are discussed.
Complete bibliographies
Ababa, A. (2015, March 12). CODATU XV The Role of Urban Mobility In (Re)shaping Cities. Lecture presented at Curitiba: More than 40 Years of Urban Development and Transport Planning, Curitiba.
Brooke, James. (1992, May 7). "Curitiba Journal: The Road To Rio." The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
Cervero, R. (1998). Creating a Linear City with a Surface Metro: Curitiba, Brazil. In The Transit Metropolis: A Global Inquiry (1st ed., pp. 265-293). Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
Del Rio, V. (2009). Contemporary urbanism in Brazil: Beyond Brasília. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
Goodman, J., Laube, M., & Schwenk, J. (2006). Curitiba’s Bus System is Model for Rapid Transit. Race, Poverty, & the Environment. 12(1), 75-76.
Gratz, R. (2013, Aug 6). Curitiba: An Environmental Showcase. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/roberta-brandes-gratz/curitiba_b_3713953.html.
Halais, F. (2012). Has South America’s Most Sustainable City Lost its Edge?. CityLab.
Higher Education in Regional and City Development. (2011). State of Parana, Brazil. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?isbn=9264089020
History of Curitiba - Prefeitura de Curitiba. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/idioma/ingles/historia
History and Demographics. (1999, August 6). Curitiba Research and Urban Planning Institute. Retrieved February 23, 2015, from http://epat.wisc.edu/.energy/.metro/.format/.history.html
History of Planning (n.d.) Retrieved March 2, 2015, from http://www.ippuc.org.br/default.php?idioma=5
Introducing Curitiba. LonelyPlanet.
Irazábal, C. (2006). Localizing urban design traditions: Gated and edge cities in Curitiba. Journal Of Urban Design, 11(1), 73-96.
Kemp, R., & Stepahi, C. (Eds.). (2014). Global models of urban planning: Best practices outside the United States. McFarland & Company.
Lindau, L.A., Hidalgo, D., & Facchini, D. (2010). Curitiba, the Cradle of Bus Transit. Built Environment. 36(3), 274-282.
Macedo, J. (2004). Curitiba. Cities. 21(6), 537-549.
Macedo, J. (2013). Planning a Sustainable City: The Making of Curitiba, Brazil. Journal of Planning History, 12(4), 334-353.
MacLeod, K. (2002). Curitiba: Orienting Urban Planning to Sustainability. International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives, Case Study 77. ICLEI-Cananda.
Montaner, J. (1999). el modelo Curitiba: movilidad y espacios verdes. Ecología Política, 17.
Moore, S. A. (2006). Alternative Routes to the Sustainable City: Austin, Curitiba, and Frankfurt. Lanham: Lexington Books.
Plano Diretor Cicloviário de Curitiba (2013). Prefeitura de Curitiba.
Population. (n.d.) Retrieved February 10, 2015, from http://www.agencia.curitiba.pr.gov.br/.
Rabinovitch, J. (1992). Curitiba: towards sustainable urban development. Environment and Urbanization. 4(2), 62-73.
Rabinovitch, J. (1995). A sustainable urban transport system. Energy for Sustainable Development. 11(2), 11-18.
Rabinovitch, J. (1996). A Success Story of Urban Planning: Curitiba. Scientific American. (Reprinted in Cities Built for People, U. Kirdar, 1997, New York: United Nations).
Rabinovitch, J. (1996). Innovative land use and public transport policy. Land Use Policy. 13(1), 51-67.
Suzuki, H. (2010). Eco2 cities: Ecological cities as economic cities. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
Vassoler-Froelich, I. (2007). Urban Brazil visions, afflictions, and governance lessons. Youngstown, N.Y.: Cambria Press.
Brooke, James. (1992, May 7). "Curitiba Journal: The Road To Rio." The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
Cervero, R. (1998). Creating a Linear City with a Surface Metro: Curitiba, Brazil. In The Transit Metropolis: A Global Inquiry (1st ed., pp. 265-293). Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
Del Rio, V. (2009). Contemporary urbanism in Brazil: Beyond Brasília. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
Goodman, J., Laube, M., & Schwenk, J. (2006). Curitiba’s Bus System is Model for Rapid Transit. Race, Poverty, & the Environment. 12(1), 75-76.
Gratz, R. (2013, Aug 6). Curitiba: An Environmental Showcase. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/roberta-brandes-gratz/curitiba_b_3713953.html.
Halais, F. (2012). Has South America’s Most Sustainable City Lost its Edge?. CityLab.
Higher Education in Regional and City Development. (2011). State of Parana, Brazil. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?isbn=9264089020
History of Curitiba - Prefeitura de Curitiba. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/idioma/ingles/historia
History and Demographics. (1999, August 6). Curitiba Research and Urban Planning Institute. Retrieved February 23, 2015, from http://epat.wisc.edu/.energy/.metro/.format/.history.html
History of Planning (n.d.) Retrieved March 2, 2015, from http://www.ippuc.org.br/default.php?idioma=5
Introducing Curitiba. LonelyPlanet.
Irazábal, C. (2006). Localizing urban design traditions: Gated and edge cities in Curitiba. Journal Of Urban Design, 11(1), 73-96.
Kemp, R., & Stepahi, C. (Eds.). (2014). Global models of urban planning: Best practices outside the United States. McFarland & Company.
Lindau, L.A., Hidalgo, D., & Facchini, D. (2010). Curitiba, the Cradle of Bus Transit. Built Environment. 36(3), 274-282.
Macedo, J. (2004). Curitiba. Cities. 21(6), 537-549.
Macedo, J. (2013). Planning a Sustainable City: The Making of Curitiba, Brazil. Journal of Planning History, 12(4), 334-353.
MacLeod, K. (2002). Curitiba: Orienting Urban Planning to Sustainability. International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives, Case Study 77. ICLEI-Cananda.
Montaner, J. (1999). el modelo Curitiba: movilidad y espacios verdes. Ecología Política, 17.
Moore, S. A. (2006). Alternative Routes to the Sustainable City: Austin, Curitiba, and Frankfurt. Lanham: Lexington Books.
Plano Diretor Cicloviário de Curitiba (2013). Prefeitura de Curitiba.
Population. (n.d.) Retrieved February 10, 2015, from http://www.agencia.curitiba.pr.gov.br/.
Rabinovitch, J. (1992). Curitiba: towards sustainable urban development. Environment and Urbanization. 4(2), 62-73.
Rabinovitch, J. (1995). A sustainable urban transport system. Energy for Sustainable Development. 11(2), 11-18.
Rabinovitch, J. (1996). A Success Story of Urban Planning: Curitiba. Scientific American. (Reprinted in Cities Built for People, U. Kirdar, 1997, New York: United Nations).
Rabinovitch, J. (1996). Innovative land use and public transport policy. Land Use Policy. 13(1), 51-67.
Suzuki, H. (2010). Eco2 cities: Ecological cities as economic cities. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
Vassoler-Froelich, I. (2007). Urban Brazil visions, afflictions, and governance lessons. Youngstown, N.Y.: Cambria Press.
